2020

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Activity Report 2018

This Activity and Impact Report covers our 2018 excavations at Hougoumont, and our public engagement activities including our World Record setting wargame re-enactment of the Battle of Waterloo, the Great Game. It also details our international collaborations, education and outreach activities, fundraising events and the positive impact the programme has had on our veteran participants.

Unearthing Structures at Hougoumont

2018 Excavation Find out what we discovered when we unearthed the remains of a building (and bones) at Hougoumont, in a summary of our 2018 excavation.

Day 0: It’s Great to Be Back!

It feels as if the Belgian sun could not wait to see us return, either. On the one hand this is great: we could not have wished for better weather to visit the Château d'Hougoumont, eat pizza in, and cruise around the fields next to La Butte de Lion (see picture). On the other hand, we can foresee that the ground will be dried out and hard. This will make it harder to dig into. Not that this will stop us, in any case. On y va! [caption id="attachment_3275" align="alignnone" width="1024"] A warm welcome at the foot of the Butte de Lion[/caption]   At the end of this diary, you will find a wonderful column by one of our team members, Peter Ginn.   [caption id="attachment_3277" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] La Butte de Lion[/caption] With 'slight' disapproval, Professor Tony Pollard tells us that the hill carrying the statue of the lion must be filled with all kinds of archaeological finds. In order to build it, the previous battlefields around it were scraped down and the land lowered significantly. This happened before anyone could pick out the musket balls, buttons, and anything else that the mount might still hold. [caption id="attachment_3278" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Professor Tony Pollard[/caption] [caption id="attachment_3279" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Revisiting one of the three trees still surviving from the Battle of Waterloo, filled with antique musket balls.[/caption]   [caption id="attachment_3280" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Professor Tony Pollard standing in one of the ditches near the Château d'Hougoumont. Previous excavations showed that British and Prussian soldiers cleared their muskets here.[/caption]   Column from our Team: Peter Ginn For Want of a Nail: Getting There This ...

Day 1: Breaking New Ground; and How to be an Archaeologist

The day starts off with a short debriefing. We are warned of the massive-but-noiseless cows that may suddenly appear and are easily startled. After some questionnaires we are split up into our groups for the next two weeks. We rotate to discover the six essential steps of the archaeological process. At the end of this diary, you will find these steps summed up nicely in 'How to do Archaeology'! [caption id="attachment_3300" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] A sole monument in the backyard of the Château d'Hougoumont, dedicated to the French soldiers. In the background: La Butte de Lion[/caption]   [caption id="attachment_3301" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] The team is all geared up and ready to go![/caption]   [caption id="attachment_3302" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Communications officer Mike Greenwood looks pleased after making his first bad pun of the day[/caption] After learning more about the archaeological process, we get to feel like archaeologists. The big digger is brought in and new ditches are made in the infamous killing field, as well as in the area where the pond was believed to be. The latter will provide a brand new digging site that, due to the boggy nature of the ground, just might yield some interesting results, as the water preserves the objects better. How to do archaeology in 6 easy(ish) steps Breaking new ground: how do you get such a diverse and mostly inexperienced team to deliver the best results possible? For the uninitiated, interested and eager, Day One began with a crash course into archaeology: [caption id="attachment_3303" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Alistair Douglas demonstrates how Pythagoras's 3-4-5 formula can help with manually creating a perfect square[/caption] Step 1 Pythagoras with a trowel ...

Day 2: Coins, Buttons and Promises

Whereas we felt so welcomed by the sun two days ago, today was a different story: the skies are grey and the temperature has dropped significantly. Anyone who has forgotten to bring their amazing Waterloo Uncovered-hoodie regrets their grave mistake.  Sadly, no rain as of yet. Though the ground did not have a chance to soften with rain, it did provide us with some of the first great finds of this year. In the next paragraph, two of these finds recovered by Malcolm Iliffe will be highlighted. We are starting to find more ammunition in all kinds of states, antique coins, and even a small crucifix. [caption id="attachment_3327" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Excavations at the Garden Wall[/caption] Check out the video of our first day here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4BSflTJ4wQ [caption id="attachment_3328" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Plenty of musket balls to be found in the Killing Zone[/caption] For now, trenches have been dug in the new car park near the Southern Gate and inside the Northern Gate. The Killing Zone has been opened up again as well. No attacks from the cows thus far. Inside the garden, some new trenches might reveal clues about the original garden walls (the current wall is a later reconstruction). [caption id="attachment_3330" align="aligncenter" width="682"] Big expectations ask for big diggers at the Killing Zone[/caption]   [caption id="attachment_3331" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Veterans spotting their next artefact[/caption]   Malcolm's Finds Two remarkable finds of today were a stud from a piece of French kit, and a French coin from 1750. They were found by Malcolm Iliffe, a veteran of the Coldstream Guards. He served in Northern Ireland and Cyprus.  Interestingly, the Coldstream Guards were also present here ...

Day 3: War Letters and the Lost Pond

Today, we have been working hard to make it back home in time for the match (in case you ask: England are playing Croatia in the Semi Final of the Football World Cup). New trenches were dug, others were deepened, and in the chapel our team did their best to bring soldier's accounts of the battle back to life in Reading to Remember. [caption id="attachment_3369" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Well-deserved break time after a morning's hard work[/caption]   [caption id="attachment_3370" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] One of today's finds, a small silver clothing stud from about the 17th or 18th century[/caption]   [caption id="attachment_3371" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Founding member Charlie Foinette inspecting one of the finds[/caption] The Pond - possibly? Outside the Northern Gate, a new trench was dug in search of what we suspected to be a pond. On early maps of Château Hougoumont, two ponds were recorded - although last year's excavations showed that the first pond was not there. This has raised suspicions that the 'ponds' might just have been places with overflowing groundwater. An afternoon’s work with a digger, scraping back layers of topsoil, has revealed a deep layer of modern rubbish -bottles, plastic, ironwork and pottery -the sort of thing that might well get thrown into an available muddy hole in the ground. The excavation has also revealed a layer of dark silty soil consistent with the mud of a pond. So it looks like we have, indeed, established the location of one of the ponds marked on the ancient map. Further careful excavation over the next few days will explore whether evidence of the battle also ended up in the silt. Tomorrow, ...

Day 4: An Extraordinary Coincidence and the Renovation Excavation

We are starting to understand what happened inside the Northern Gate. Unfortunately, sometimes we are getting a better picture of what happened in that place around 2015 – not 1815. Tomorrow, we will dig to a deeper layer. One of our team members did find an ‘antique’ medicine bottle from the early 20th century, which read ‘external use only’. [caption id="attachment_3408" align="aligncenter" width="682"] The rarely photographed supervisor James Earley, hard at work[/caption] The Northern Gate or the "Renovation Excavation" [caption id="attachment_3410" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Archaeologist Phil Harding giving directions at the Northern Gate[/caption] Under supervision of archaeologists Phil Harding, Eva Collignon, and Emily Glass, the teams are making great progress in the trenches inside the Northern Gate. According to Phil, we are starting to find the foundations and rubble of a barn that burnt down during the Battle. It was demolished shortly afterwards, when the farmers found the building too unstable to continue its use. Phil says that the dimensions of the wall show us that the barn might be bigger than originally thought and was likely to look very similar to the barn now standing opposite the trenches. During the first excavations, it became clear that the area inside the Northern Gate was used as a dumping ground for the rubble produced by the renovations of Château d'Hougoumont circa 2015. The builders most likely spread the rubble and covered them in a layer of woodchips, upon which has now grown a grassy field. Emily tells us that if it hadn’t been for our excavations, we probably would not have known that some of the rubble of the renovations had ended ...

Dig Diary 5: Finding the Foundation and Getting Creative

It's Friday Finds Day! Check our Facebook, Instagram and Twitter posts to see the highlights of this week. We've had success at the Garden Wall excavations - read the full story below! Joining us on site are two artists and an author.  They are walking around, soaking up information from the dig, and our team has been joining them. Last but not least: don't forget to come to our first OPEN DAY tomorrow. It's going to be very exciting! [caption id="attachment_3437" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Busy photographing the remains of the barn at the Northern Gate[/caption] Under the Garden Wall Enclosing what was once a luxurious and green garden stands a wall that has witnessed less peaceful events. This week, a trench was dug to find the wall's original foundations. And with success! The right wall facing the Killing Zone saw the intensity of the battle surging around it throughout the day. In the past two centuries, it has been knocked down and rebuilt at least twice. In spite of this, its original foundations remain. Excavations will resume soon on the other side of the wall, after which we hope to find out the width of the original wall. [caption id="attachment_3439" align="aligncenter" width="682"] Archaeologist Alistair Douglas teaching his team about the Garden Wall[/caption] [caption id="attachment_3440" align="aligncenter" width="682"] Veteran Paula (also known as "Tiggs") at the Garden Wall[/caption] [caption id="attachment_3441" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] The Garden Wall, where you can see the original foundations[/caption] Thus far, we have removed the top soil and dug down 76 centimeters. This uncovered 26 centimeters of the original wall, resting on top of 50 centimeters of foundations. In the image, you can see the ...

Dig Diary Weekend: The Past Come Back to Life

Waterloo Uncovered Archaeology Weekend An important part of our work is to tell people about what we do. This year, for the first time, we held an Archaeology Open Weekend, aimed at the local community and those interested in finding out more about what we have uncovered on site. [caption id="attachment_3460" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] A Coldstream Guard reenactor overlooking the excavation of Phil's trench near the North Gate[/caption] Crowds of people came to visit us at Hougoumont and were rewarded with a range of interesting and exciting activities bringing the past to life. We were honoured to receive the British ambassador of Belgium, Alison Rose, and General George Norton. They, in turn, were pleased to see such a positive and interesting bond flourishing between the Belgian and the British community. [caption id="attachment_3463" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Ambassador Alison Rose talking with some of the Veterans who came out for the weekend[/caption] The Redcoats return Hougoumont was once more filled with Redcoats in full Napoleonic Uniform as a party of Re enactors paraded for inspection. They set up camp for the weekend in the garden of the chateau, and the smoke from their camp fires added an extra feel of authenticity to the event. [caption id="attachment_3464" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] The reenactors' camp[/caption] Despite the blazing heat, the men were determined to embody the spirit of two regiments that fought in the battle -the Coldstream Guards and 33rd Foot– complete with woollen and leather uniforms, and tall felt helmets. [caption id="attachment_3467" align="aligncenter" width="718"] A reenactor guarding the tent[/caption] Parties of visitors were thrilled by demonstrations of musket firing (blanks only of course!). And for one or ...

Dig Diary 6: Breaking New Ground

It’s Monday. The week has started again, and we are excited to be back digging. Today, there’s more evidence for how archaeology creates as many new questions as answers.  Keep reading to see what we’ve found!   The cover-up Some trenches have been covered over again as our work there is concluded -for now. The ‘Pond’ turned out not to be not-quite-a-pond: it may be a pit made to extract clay and building materials for the construction of the original farm. It probably filled up with water in rainy seasons. Given the night of heavy rain that preceded the battle, it was likely to have been full of water then and soldiers coming down to reinforce or resupply Hougoumont would have had to go round the obstacle. [caption id="attachment_3516" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] The trench at the Pond[/caption] We did find many objects of the late 19th-early 20th century, mostly broken bottles, but little direct evidence dating from the battle -for now. The Garden Wall -interior The trench inside the Garden Wall gave us all we wanted to know, and was closed off again. Excavations continue on the other side of the Garden Wall  in the Killing Zone to find out how broad the original wall was at the time of the Battle. [caption id="attachment_3515" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] The Garden Wall[/caption] The site of the new Car Park The area proposed for the new Car Park has been filled up again, after providing us with an interesting collection of musket balls, buttons, and coins, and some finds which might relate to the medieval history of Hougoumont.. [caption id="attachment_3522" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Mike and Peter ...

Dig Diary 7: Blazing Heat and Mystery Button

We’re getting a much clearer sense of the physical features of the battle landscape. In today’s dig diary we’re going to look at work on the wall, the search for a hedge, and more news from the North Gate. [caption id="attachment_3526" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Work continues in the Killing Zone, where we are filling in the gaps from previous excavations[/caption] Blazing Heat Working in the summer heat has not been easy, but it has been rewarding. We are continuing the excavations of the demolished barn at the Northern Gate. Between the rubble of the building and the broken slates, we are discovering more and more evidence of incredibly high temperatures from when the buildings burned down during the battle. The outlines of the original barn are becoming ever clearer as well, as we are discovering its original walls. [caption id="attachment_3528" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Some of the burn marks in Phil's trench[/caption] According to archaeologist and team member Phil Harding, when the barn was set on fire by French artillery, it likely reached temperatures of up to 200°C. Some building materials have been so heavily affected by the heat that they were glazed over. Additionally, pieces of flint that were found were crazed in the fire (shattered). Also remarkable is that the sediment in the trenches seems to have been unaffected. The roof would have collapsed and was left there, whereas the floor might have been recycled. Phil adds: “It must have felt like an inferno in here! It’s hard to imagine the fate of wounded soldiers who may have crawled intp the barn to seek shelter”. We are digging an extra m^2 around ...

Dig Diary 8: New Trenches, Ancient Artefacts

Day 8 has been an exciting day with two new trenches dug in promising places! At the end of the Dig Diary, we will give you an insight into two more highlighted finds of the week. The end of the project is approaching rapidly. On Thursday, we will have completed most of our excavations, and on Friday, the trenches will be backfilled. There will still be a lot of work left for those working in the Finds Room or Photography Room though! Don't forget to check out our new profile feature of professional archaeologist Sam Wilson here: https://www.waterloouncovered.com/wu-people-sam-wilson/. [caption id="attachment_3570" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Backfilling the Killing Zone[/caption] Found it! (?) Following a promising preliminary exploration, we think we are getting closer and closer to finding the Sand Pit. The Sand Pit is located near La Haye Sainte, which played an important role in the Battle. It’s possible that some British casualties were buried here. The new trench has been dug at the foot of the Hanoverian Monument. The Hanoverian Monument itself honours the 4000 German soldiers that fell while fighting for the Allies against the French occupiers of their homeland. A sand sample was taken using an archaeological instrument called an 'auger'. It is a long, hollow metal tube that can be twisted into the ground using the handle on top. In looking for the Sand Pit, we are trying to find a piece of ground in which some of the sand layers have been disturbed -the sort of thing that would happen where sand has been extracted, for example, for building and road making. What we’re trying to find is what would have been ...

The Last Dig Diary of 2018

It has been wonderful to be on site and to be part of this amazing community. Who knew that such a diverse group of strangers could become so close in only two (intense) weeks? Thank you for reading, following, liking and sharing us!   The Chestnut Deception Did we find out what caused the geophysical anomalies? Yes. Was it related to Napoleon? Well… No. Archaeologist Stuart Eve and other members of our team did some great research in the area around the chestnut trees on Thursday. They found a piece of bone – which caused quite some excitement. After consulting some experts, however, it became clear that the piece of bone belonged to... a cow. The cow likely carried a contagious disease, and was burnt to prevent it from spreading. This became clearer when we found residues of quicklime, which was likely poured over the carcasses after burning them. The anomalies, shaped like dark circles, are probably the leftovers of burnt ground. This is the most disappointing barbecue ever. The Builders’ Secret As we have written before, we found lots of modern rubble in the trenches near the Northern Gate. Most of it consisted of building materials, which are probably leftovers of the renovation of Château d’Hougoumont. The good news is: we have been able to uncover  significant remains of the  barn burned down in the battle, and now know its length and width. The bad news is: during the renovations, the digger that was used was not as careful as ours – the modern builders dug through and destroyed parts of the brickwork. Despite this, there were still some ...